AWS Manage S3 Buckets using Python Boto3

 In this post, I will show you 

how to create S3 bucket, 

how to put objects into the bucket, 

how to upload multiple objects in s3, 

how to download multiple objects, 

how to control access policy, and 

how to host a static website in S3. 

1. How to create S3 Bucket using Python3 Boto3?

Object : resource method: create_bucket 

important method  parameters: 

 ACL : private or public 

 Bucket - name of the bucket name this should be unique for each bucket 

 CreateBucketConfiguration - have the LocationConstrating that is region on which you want to host your s3 bucket.

import boto3
s3_resource = boto3.resource('s3')
bucket = s3_resource.create_bucket(ACL='private',
			Bucket='vybhava2023demo.com',
			CreateBucketConfiguration={
			'LocationConstrating': 'us-west-2'
			}) 
			
print("Successfully create bucket:", bucket)

2. How to put the objects into the S3 Bucket using Boto3

When you want to add file from local system we can use Python file methods and have a object reference here f is the reference to the file opened for read operation.

f=open('greet.txt').read()
s3_client =boto3.client('s3')
respose = s3_client.put_object(
	ACL='private',
	Body=f,
	Bucket='vybhava2023demo.com',
	Key='greet.txt'
	)

3. Delete object from S3 Bucket

Delete object from S3 bucket 

Object : client 

method : delete_object()

s3_client = boto3.client('s3')
response = s3_client.delete_object(
	Bucket='vybhava2023demo.com',
	Key='greet.txt'	
)

4. List all content objects in a Bucket

List all the contents of a Bucket this may be file objects those are put into the Bucket earlier.

Object: client

method: list_objects

s3_client = boto3.client('s3')
response = s3_client.list_objects(
	Bucket='vybhava2023demo.com'
	)

for content in response['Contents']:
	print(content['Key'])

5. List all S3 Buckets

Get the s3_client object 

method: list_buckets : 

On the aws-cli run the command: aws s3 ls

# File: list-s3.py 
# Description: This script will list all s3 buckets using client interface

s3_client = boto3.client('s3')
list_buckets=s3_client.list_buckets()
print(list_buckets)

# run 2
for b in list_buckets['Buckets']:
	print(b['Name'])

Hope you enjoyed this post!! Please write back your errors and exceptions when you run the Boto3 programs for AWS services and resources.

Manage AWS EC2 Instances using Python Boto3 script

Hey Welcome! back to Automations with Python for AWS!! 

Now IT market says AWS is the top number one Cloud Computing platform. That is why I've selected this AWS automations using Python Boto3.

In this post we will be exploring the AWS EC2 Instance related operations, and manage them in a reusable form.

• Create EC2 instance using Python Boto3
• Launch AWS EC2 instance using Python Boto3 script
• Stop AWS EC2 instance using Python Boto3 script
• Start AWS EC2 Instance using Python Boto3 script
• Terminate AWS EC2 instance using Python Boto3 script
• Fetching Public IP of given instance-id

How do you Create EC2 instance using Python3 Boto3? 

 Creating EC2 instance using Boto3 Python code

#=============================================
# File : create_ec2.py
# Description: Create EC2 instance by Boto3

import boto3
ec2 = boto3.resource('ec2')

instances = ec2.create_instances(
        ImageId="ami-0dafa01c8100180f8",
        MinCount=1,
        MaxCount=1,
        InstanceType="t2.micro",
        KeyName="KeyPair1"
    )
    

Launch instance

import boto3
ec2_client = boto3.client('ec2')

# This function will requires 
# image_id [Required] based on the region this will be changing
# instance_type [optional] default t2.micro type otherwise you can provide
# max [optional] default as 1, you can provide maximum number of instances
def launch_instance(image_id, instance_type='t2.micro', max=1):
	resource = ec2_client.run_instances(ImageId=image_id,
					InstanceType=instance_type,
					MinCount=1, MaxCount=max)
									
	for instance in resource['Instances']:
		print(instance['InstanceId'])

# main program
launch_instance('yourami-id')

To control the ec2 instances individual AWS cli commsnd  test Start, Stop

ec2.start_instances 

ec2.stop_instances

and terminate the ec2 instance
List AWS EC2 Instances using python boto3 script

import boto3
ec2_client = boto3.client('ec2')
resp = ec2_client.describe_instances()
for reservation in resp['Reservations']:
	for instance in reservation['Instances']:
		print("Running Instance Image ID: {} Running instance Instance Type: {} Running Instance Keyname {}".format(instance['InstanceId'],instance['InstanceType'],instance['KeyName']))

Python code with Menu driven program to manage EC2 instances

import boto3
import time

ec2 = boto3.resource('ec2')
ec2_client = boto3.client('ec2')

## Display all instances
def display_instances():
    for instance in ec2.instances.all():
        print (instance.id , instance.state)

## Stop instance by given instance id
def stopinstance():    
    instanceid=input("Please enter instanceid:")
    response = ec2_client.stop_instances(InstanceIds=[instanceid])
    time.sleep(90)
    display_instances()

## Terminate instance by given instance id
def terminateinstance():    
    instanceid=input("Please enter instanceid:")
    response = ec2_client.terminate_instances(InstanceIds=[instanceid])
    time.sleep(90)
    display_instances()
    
## Start instance by given instance id
def startinstance():    
    instanceid=input("Please enter instanceid:")
    response = ec2_client.start_instances(InstanceIds=[instanceid])
    time.sleep(90)
    display_instances()

## Main Program
def main():
    while True:
        menu_list=["Display All Instance","Stop Instance","Start Instance","Terminate Instance","Exit"]
        i=1
        for item in menu_list:
            print (i,item)
            i=i+1
        choice=int(input("Please enter Menu Choice:"))
        if choice==1:
            display_instances()
        elif choice==2:
            stopinstances()
        elif choice==3:
            startinstances()
        elif choice==4:
            terminateinstance()            
        else:
            exit()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()        
 

Enjoy the automations with Python Boto3 for AWS...

Python Automations using Boto3 for AWS

The objective of this post is for experimenting with AWS Boto3 automations and AWS Lambda, most of the realtime usecase on AWS cloud controlled and acceleration with them. We should know as SRE or DevOps Engineer how to refer to the Boto3 documentation where AWS team provided lot of details and examples of each Boto3 method, I'm pretty sure you could make great automations with this Boto3 module explore ideas.

Python for AWS Using Boto3

Let's jump on it...

Prerequisites

You must have AWS account [this can be your company provided or free-tire account].

Getting Started Python Automations using Boto3 

Step 1: Add User in IAM 

Let's get into the IAM adding user you can provide username as devops-admin

Select AWS Access TYPE {tic} programmatic access this allows to access key ID and secret access key for the AWS API, CLI SDK (Boto3 uses this).

Set permissions for 'devopsuser' Select policy type as 'AdministrationAccess' to access AWS resources and services [For this testing purpose only]. When you proceed for 'Create' user you will get the 'Add user' page you can download .csv file that contains - Access key and Secret access key[show/hide] store them in a text file as well.

Step 2: Download and install aws cli

[optional for to run from Laptop] Download 'aws cli' AWS command line on your laptop.

aws-cli is a unified tool to manage your AWS services. This can be used for automate multiple AWS services. From Mac/Linux you can install using following command:

pip install awscli

Select the Options as per your Laptop - Windows 32bit or 64bit installer, And install awscli on your laptop.

Note that Amazon Linux will have awscli already installed.

Step 3: Configuring aws cli 

This will work only when you have awscli installed, Run the following command:

aws configure 

Setting up aws-cli environment using 'aws configure' command

use the step1 outcome here Acess Key, Secret access key and then choose region as per your location generally in Projects we have to use company provided region. Choice of Output always JSON format[default] leave it to none for this experiment. 

This above set aws configuration will be used in Boto3 Python programs automatically once it set otherwise we can provide as parameters in the program.

Step 4: Python 3 installation

To install on RedHat family Linux(Rocky, CentOS, Suse) you can use the following commands

Check for latest Python installed

python -V

yum info python

Python package manager Pip is required, Let's do Pip installation

wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
  python get-pip.py

Boto3 on Ubuntu :

apt-get install Python3-pip3
pip3 install boto3

Verify pip version details

pip show

Finally, all set to go!! Let's do Boto3 installation 

pip install boto3

You could see in the installion summary it installs botocore s3transfer and boto3

You can verify on the same with the following :

pip3 show boto3 

Python Interview Questions -Coding Snipets

 This post is dedicated for all DevOps Engineer, Software Engineers who are preparing for Coding Interviews, 

Overview of Coding Interviews

Most Companies looking for People with minimum Coding knowledge. In a coding interview, you will be given a small problem to solve within 10 - 20 minutes online screen or in-person on their system. In the question, you might be having some part of the code framed and you might be asked to write a snippet of code in between. You need to understand the code comments and proceed to build the expected snippet of code.

Bigger companies look for the General purpose questions, where small companies look for specific questions. The General questions would be like this:

1. Determine if the given word is a palindrome or not. (Example madam)
2. Determine given number is prime or not.

How to prepare for a coding interview?

Now we have the flexibility to choose the programming language on which you are comfortable. 

• In general DevOps Infra guys will be asked to code on Shell or Python scripting. 
• Developers expected to write on : Java, C++ or Python code

How do you improve problem-solving skills

• You can practice more problems to solve helps you in code interview.
• Code on paper and try to run it 
• Practice more mock exam questions 

This way you can be ready for the coding interviews. 

Good practice technical coding web sites are:

1. www.careercup.com Cracking the Coding interview 

2. www.leetcode.com online Judge 

What you should know editors?

For python coders, one of the following will be an option.

1. Jypiter notebook 
2. VisualStudio Code 
3. atom 
4. Pycharm. 

Better to know keyboard shortcuts for these editors.

Python Interview Questions

Python Scripting online test questions collected and prepared the code answers.

1. Question: Write a code for chech the entered number is prime or not?

   a=int(input("Please enter number:"))
   if a>1:
      for x in range(2,a):
        if(a%x)==0:
          print("not prime")
          break
      else:
        print("Prime")
   else:
      print("not prime")
   

   Output:

   
   
   
   
   
   

2. Question: Write code concate strings using print command usage with end

   # This Python program must be run with
   # Python 3 as it won't work with 2.7.
   # Usage:  python3 printend.py
   
   # ends the output with '@'
   print("Python" , end = '@')
   print("vybhavatechnologies.com")
   

   Output:

   
   
   

3. Question: Write bubblesorting code in Python

   # File: bubblesort.py
   # Usage: python bubblesort.py
   #
   def bubblesort(a):      # a = name of list
      b=len(a)-1    # minus 1 because we always compare 2 adjacent values
   
      for x in range(b):
        for y in range(b-x):
          if a[y] > a[y+1]:
            a[y],a[y+1]=a[y+1],a[y]
      return a
   
   #==== main ==========
   
   print("before sort:")
   a=[32,5,3,6,70,57,87]
   print(a)
   bubblesort(a)
   print("after sort")
   print(a)
   

   Output:

   
   
   

4. Question: Write code for printing fibinacci series

   # File: fibonacci.py
   # Description: As per the input number fibonnacci series
   # Enter number of terms needed         #0,1,1,2,3,5....
   #
   a=int(input("Enter the terms:"))
   f=0                    #first element of series
   s=1                    #second element of series
   if a <= 0:
      print("The requested series is ",f)
   else:
      print(f,s,end = ' ')
      for x in range(2,a):
        next=f+s
        print(next,end = ' ')
        f=s
        s=next
   
   ===============
   vagrant@dockerhost:~/pylab$ python3 fibonacci.py
   Enter the terms:10
   0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 vagrant@dockerhost:~/pylab$
   vagrant@dockerhost:~/pylab$ python3 fibonacci.py
   Enter the terms:0
   The requested series is  0
   vagrant@dockerhost:~/pylab$ python3 fibonacci.py
   Enter the terms:-5
   The requested series is  0
   

5. Question: Can you write the Python code to shufle the list of names?

   # File: name_shufle.py
   # Execution: python name_shufle.py
   from random import shuffle
   
   names = ['Vybhav', 'Jahnavi', 'Vaishnavi', 'Vasanthika', 'Sanjay', 'Viswasri']
   shuffle(names)
   print("After shuffle randomized list")
   print(names)
   
   	

   

   Shaffle of list

6. Question: Write a Python code - Simple and smart way of Fibonacci series up to 100

   # Fibonacci
   print("initialized")
   
   a,b=0,1
   print("Fibonacci series:")
   while b < 100:
       print(b)
       a,b=b,a+b
   Python code for Fibonacci series
   

7. Question: Write Python code for the following instructions

   print 1-100 numbers
   All 3 multiples should print 'Vybhava'
   All 5 multiples should print 'Technologies'
   The number which is 3 multiple and 5 multiple should print 'vybhavatechnologies'
   

   Code :

   # code test
   # print 1-100 numbers
   # All 3 multiples should print 'Vybhava'
   # All 5 multiples should print 'Technologies'
   # The number which is 3 multiple and 5 multiple should print 'vybhavatechnologies'
   #
   for i in range(1,100):
       if i%3==0 and i%5 == 0:
           print("VybhavaTechnologies")
       elif i%3==0:
           print("Vybhava",end=' ')
       elif i%5==0:
           print("Technologies",end=' ')
       else:
           print(i,end=' ')
   
   print()
   	

   

   print the series with conditional 3 multiples 5 multiples

8. Question:Give a example for dictionaries in python

           CM={'Telangana':'KCR','Andhra Pradesh':'Jagan','Tamil Nadu':'MK Stalin'}
           print (CM['Telangana'])
   
           print (CM['Andhra Pradesh'])
   
           print (CM['Tamil Nadu'])
       

   Output :

   

   
   
   
   
   

9. Question: How to remove an element from an array

           import array as arr
           a=arr.array('d', [1.1, 1.2, 28.22, 33.1, 38.7, 108.2, 420.6])
           print(a.pop()) #removes last element
           print(a.pop(3)) #removes element with index 3
           a.remove(1.1)#removes the desired element
           print(a)
           
       

   Output :

   
   
   
   
   
   
   

10. Question: How to import a module

            import numpy           #importing using the original module name
            import numpy as np    # importing using an alias name
            from numpy import *    #imports everything present in the numpy module
            
        

11. Question: How to create a class

            class person:
                def __init__(self, name):
                    self.name = name
    
            p1=person("Pavan")
            print(p1.name)
            
        

    Output :

    
    
    

12. Question: Write a program in Python to produce Star triangle.

    1.             def triangle(r):
                       for x in range(r):
                           print(' '*(r-x-1)+'*'*(2*x+1))    
                   triangle(5)
                   
               

       Output :

       
       
       

    2.             def triangle(r):
                       l=range(r)
                       for x in l[::-1]:
                           print(' '*(r-x-1)+'*'*(2*x+1))    
                   triangle(5)
                   

       Output:

       
       
       

    3.             def triangle(r):
                       for i in range(r+1):
                           print('* '*i)
                   triangle(5)
                           
                                      
               

       Output :

       
       
       

13. Question: How To Save An Image Locally Using Python Whose URL Address I Already Know?

                import urllib.request
                urllib.request.urlretrieve("https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv-SDScZLOymVHqnfeVCEf0C7SUfEywSAf7nTboSI6UJ0h3rOV9aR5lbnH52spuE6MsWS0oDoghsbfisAadgfhQBV6ZZBaWraZFnmbqEpceDaZkuEPG_Lmxt78smPFqqZ_TfUqZe1UPVg/s771/py-interview-questions.JPG", "img.jpg")
               

    Output: before executing code:

    

    after executing code:

    

14. Question: How To check whether the given sequence is a palindrome or not

                a=input("enter sequence: ")
                b=a[::-1]
                if a==b:
                  print("palindrome")
                else:
                  print("Not a Palindrome")
                
            

    Output :

    

    
    
    
    
    
    

    
    
    

15. Question: Write a one-liner that will count the number of capital letters in a file. Your code should work even if the file is too big to fit in memory.

    multiple lines way:

                with open(SOME_LARGE_FILE) as fh:
                    count = 0
                    text = fh.read()
                    for character in text:
                        if character.isupper():
                    count += 1
                
            

     one liner way:

                count sum(1 for line in fh for character in line if character.isupper())
            

    Output :

16. Question: Write a sorting algorithm for a sequence.

                seq = ["19", "21", "0", "5", "35"]
                seq = [int(i) for i in seq]
                seq.sort()
                print (seq)
                
            

    Output :

    
    
    

17. Question: You are required to scrap data from IMDb top 250 movies page. It should only have fields movie name, year, and rating.

                from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
     
                import requests
                import sys
                 
                url = 'http://www.imdb.com/chart/top'
                response = requests.get(url)
                soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text)
                tr = soup.findChildren("tr")
                tr = iter(tr)
                next(tr)
                 
                for movie in tr:
                    title = movie.find('td', {'class': 'titleColumn'} ).find('a').contents[0]
                    year = movie.find('td', {'class': 'titleColumn'} ).find('span', {'class': 'secondaryInfo'}).contents[0]
                    rating = movie.find('td', {'class': 'ratingColumn imdbRating'} ).find('strong').contents[0]
                    row = title + ' - ' + year + ' ' + ' ' + rating
                    
                    print(row)
            

    
    

18. Question: How do you calculate percentiles with Python/ NumPy?

                import numpy as np
                a = np.array([1,2,3,4,5])
                p = np.percentile(a, 50) #Returns 50th percentile, e.g. median
                print('the 50 percentile of the given data is:',p)            
            

    Output :

    

    
    
    
    
    

19. Question: Write a code for multiplying two numbers and giving the output using f strings.

                num1 = 6
                num2= 5
                print(f'the result of {num1}x{num2} is {num1*num2}')                        
            

    Output :

    
    
    

20. Question: Convert the following number into international system.

                number=30122005
                print(f'{number:,}')
            

    Output :

    
    
    

21. Question: Check an if clause within a 'f' string

                x=300
                print(f"let's test the if clause: {True if x ==300 else False }")
            

    Output :

    
    
    

22. Question: Find the timestamp in a log file howmany times a timestamp occured?:

    Logic :
    1. Read the log file
    2. Input the timestamp
    3. Using count function on str to get the number of times it occured.
    

    Sample logfile wls.log:

    "    
        
        
        "
    

    Now here is the sample solution for finding how manytimes the given timestamp occured in the above WebLogic log file.

                f=open(r"C:\Users\L440\Desktop\wls.log","r")
                text=f.read()
                timestamp=input("Enter the timestamp:")
                print("Nubmer of times occured: ", text.count(timestamp))
            

    Output :

    

    Log file count of Timestamp frequency